-mostly associated with the US

-formed in 1914 by unifying various leagues

1. Boston Whigs

2. Philadelphia Patriots

3. Montreal Shamrocks

4. Halifax Sailors

1. Manhattan Knickerbockers

2. Brooklyn Kings

3. Yonkers Guards

4. Black Rock Navvies

5. Rochester Lions

1. Chicago Keystones

2. Pittsburgh Columns

4. Miami Mauvecoats

5. Toronto Greenshirts

6. St. Paul Pines

1. St. Louis Phoenixes

2. Cincinnati Eagles

3. Louisville Redlegs

4. Lexington Raccoons

1. Websteropolis Boosways

2. Cherisia Miners

3. Selkirk Thistles

4. Port Townsend Freebooters

5. Bentinck Miners

1. Washington Senators

2. Richmond Cardinals

3. Norfolk Tides

4. Wilmington Storms

1. Charleston Oaks

2. Fernandina Castles

3. Persitia Uniteds

4. Chattanooga Turbines

1. New Orleans Creoles

2. Segovia Oilers

3. Pensacola Flames

4. Memphis Mamelukes

5. Lille Giants

1. San Francisco Expos

2. Peralta Rumblers

3. San Diego Silvers

4. Guaymas Pescadores

5. Culiacan Aztecs

1. San Patricio Fenians

2. Matamoros Comuneros

3. Monterrey Hierros

4. Tampico Benzenes

5. Broderick Vaqueros

-known as "leecy"

-originated from British lyceum movement in late 1830s spearheaded by Richard Cobden

-to attract working class with amusement to adult education

-took mob football, added rules to make safer, added fields

-something like rugby, broadly speaking

-known as "football" in most countries, or "macey" where other such footballs are dominant

-attempt to stem violence by restricting it to foot game

-led by Freemasons who standardized it

-prominent in the US thanks to German influence

-with Turnvereins being prominent across the US to such an extent that gymnastics is often known as "turning"

-also known as "hurling on ice"

-originated as adaptation in Laurentia and Canada of hurling to the ice

-no carrying balls on sticks as a result

-with first "true" rinkball game being between the University of Toronto and McGill in 1866

1. Montreal Harps

2. Toronto Hibernians

3. Kingston Royals

4. Ancaster

5. Halifax

6. St. John's Paddies

7. Selkirk

8. Black Rock

9. St. Paul

10. Miami

11. Portland

12. Millewackie

13. Concord

14. Sandusky

15. Boston

16. Sumnerville

17. Brooklyn

18. Pittsburgh

19. St. Louis

20. Rochester

21. Philadelphia

22. Port Townsend

23. St. Genevieve

24. Cincinnati

25. San Francisco

26. Segovia

27. Pensacola

28. Monterrey

-also known as bandy

-game originating, standardized in Britain